Papain hmoovthiabBromelain hmoovyog ob qhov zoo tshaj plaws proteolytic enzymes uas tau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lawv ob leeg muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm, tab sis lawv kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm papain thiab bromelain yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws tuaj yeem qhib qhov rooj rau kev siv tau zoo dua hauv kev ua zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab biotechnology. Hauv qhov blog no, peb yuav pib taug kev los tshawb nrhiav thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib xws ntawm ob lub enzymes no, ua kom pom kev ntawm lawv qhov chaw, qauv, kev ua ub no, thiab cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau lawv.
Qhov chaw sib txawv
● Bromelain yog ib qho ntshiab ntuj cog protease muab rho tawm los ntawm stems, nplooj thiab daim tawv nqaij ntawm pineapples. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws bromelain yog ua tiav los ntawm nruab nrab stems ntawm pineapples, concentrated los ntawm ultrafiltration, thiab khov-qhuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws zoo li lub teeb grey hmoov nrog ib qho tsw me ntsis.
● Papain yog ib qho cysteyl protease muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, stems, nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm papaya. Papain yog dawb rau lub teeb xim av hmoov los yog kua, dav nyob rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav, stems, nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm papaya, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub latex ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis paub qab hau. Ntau tshaj 30 lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb tsim papaya, thiab nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian thiab Taiwan hauv Suav teb.
Txoj kev rho tawm txawv
● Bromelain hmoovyog tau los ntawm squeezing thiab extracting pineapple txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab stems, salting tawm (los yog acetone, ethanol los nag), sib cais, thiab ziab. Cov txheej txheem npaj muaj xws li kaolin adsorption, tannin nag lossis daus, salting tawm, thiab ultrafiltration. Piv txwv li, txoj kev tsim khoom yog nqa cov txiv ntoo tshiab thiab huv si pineapple tev, pos, core thiab lwm cov khoom seem, nyem cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom lim tawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khib nyiab, ntxiv benzoic acid rau cov lim dej, ntxiv kaolin rau adsorption, kho pH ntawm kaolin. adsorbent nrog saturated sodium carbonate tov, ntxiv sodium chloride, do thiab lim, coj cov lim thiab kho cov pH nrog hydrochloric acid, ntxiv ammonium sulfate, cia nws sawv ntsug thiab precipitate, coj cov precipitate thiab qhuav nws nyob rau hauv txo siab, uas yog bromelain. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ultrafiltration tuaj yeem sib cais thiab rho tawm bromelain, nrog cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm yooj yim, tsis muaj theem hloov pauv, tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias, tsis muaj zog, kev ua haujlwm me me, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab lwm yam ntxwv, thiab bromelain sib cais yog qhov zoo thiab siab. kev huv. Lwm txoj kev npaj yog kom dhau cov pineapple pretreated kua txiv los ntawm anion pauv resin kem ntawm tus nqi ntawm 2-5BV / h kom tau cov effluent, lim cov effluent los ntawm microporous lim membrane kom tau ib tug filtrate, sib tov cov filtrate. nrog ib tug precipitant, thiab cia nws sawv ntawm 4-15 degree rau 1-5h kom tau ib tug bromelain muab tshuaj txhuam, thiab thaum kawg centrifuge cov bromelain muab tshuaj txhuam ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0-10 degree thiab ceev ntawm 10000-18000rpm kom tau ib tug bromelain muab tshuaj txhuam, thiab ces khov-qhuav kom tau ib tug hmoov bromelain.
● Papain yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, stems, nplooj, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm papaya. Tam sim no, papain yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug crude khoom, thiab lub ntsiab qhov chaw yog ib tug qhuav khoom ua los ntawm cov latex rho tawm los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm papaya ntoo. Yog tias nws yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov impurities, cov khoom nyoos yuav tsum tau ua ntej yaj thiab ntxuav siv cov txheej txheem txheem. Cov purified papain tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov hmoov qhuav lossis kua. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm feem ntau suav nrog tannin nag lossis daus, uas muaj cov txheej txheem yooj yim, siv cov khoom siv tsawg, thiab yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim, tab sis cov enzyme rov qab tau qis dua thiab cov enzyme purity tsis siab txaus; papain nrog purity siab dua tuaj yeem tau tom qab salting tawm, crystallization thiab recrystallization; cov txheej txheem saum toj no yog ua ke nrog shaving elution txoj kev, organic solvent nag lossis daus txheej txheem los yog ultrafiltration concentration txoj kev kom tau enzymes nrog purity siab dua rau kev sim thiab kev kho mob, tab sis cov txheej txheem no kuj nyuaj, yuav tsum tau cov neeg ua hauj lwm zoo, thiab muaj ib tug loj ib- sij hawm nqis peev hauv cov khoom siv.
Txawv Scopes ntawm daim ntawv thov
1. Kev lag luam ua zaub mov
● Bromelain hmoov: tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom ci ci, cheese, nqaij, nce tus nqi PDI thiab NSI tus nqi ntawm taum ncuav mog qab zib thiab taum hmoov, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub realm ntawm ci khoom, kev koom ua ke ntawm bromelain rau hauv lub khob noom cookie ua rau degradation. ntawm gluten. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, softens lub khob noom cookie, ua kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem thiab txhim khu lub tsw thiab zoo ntawm biscuits thiab qhob cij. Hauv kev tsim cov cheese, nws plays lub luag haujlwm hauv coagulation ntawm casein. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv nqaij, bromelain hydrolyzes macromolecular proteins nyob rau hauv cov nqaij mus rau hauv me me molecular amino acids thiab proteins uas yog nkag tau yooj yim absorbable los ntawm lub cev.
● Papain: Nws yog dav siv los ua nqaij tenderizer. Thaum lub sij hawm ua khob noom cookie, nws tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom rheological ntawm lub khob noom cookie. Nws cov ntawv thov hauv kev ua zaub mov feem ntau suav nrog kev ua nqaij, ua zaub mov ci, ua npias thiab tshuaj yej ua dej haus. Hauv kev ua cov nqaij, raws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov nqaij tenderizer, nws tuaj yeem degrade collagen fibers thiab cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, degrade actomyosin thiab collagen rau hauv me me molecular polypeptides lossis txawm tias amino acids, ua rau cov leeg myofilaments thiab tendon duav fibers, thiab ua kom cov nqaij mos thiab du; hauv kev ua zaub mov ci, ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm protease tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom ntawm gluten, tau txais cov khob noom cookie nrog cov viscosity nruab nrab, thiab txo lub sijhawm npaj ua khob noom cookie; Hauv kev lag luam brewing, papain feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov protein ntawm npias kom txo tau npias turbidity; Hauv cov dej tshuaj yej, papain tuaj yeem decompose soluble protein nyob rau hauv tshuaj yej nplooj, nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm amino nitrogen, thiab txhim khu lub umami saj ntawm tshuaj yej kua txiv.
2. Kev lag luam tshuaj thiab kev kho mob cov khoom lag luam
● Bromelain: Nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory. Thaum lub sij hawm inflammatory teb, inflammatory mediators xws li histamine thiab bradykinin raug tsim. Bromelain tuaj yeem txo qhov mob los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov neeg nruab nrab. Piv txwv li, hauv kev kho mob ntawm sinusitis, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov mob ntawm qhov ntswg mucosa thiab txo cov tsos mob xws li qhov ntswg congestion thiab los ntswg qhov ntswg. Bromelain pab zom cov fibrin thiab necrotic cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub qhov txhab. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho qhov txhab, tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg necrotic yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Bromelain tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov tshuaj no uas cuam tshuam qhov txhab kho kom lub qhov txhab tuaj yeem kho tau zoo dua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab xws li kub hnyiab thiab mob rwj, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov mob ib puag ncig. Nws tuaj yeem pab rhuav tshem cov protein hauv lub plab zom mov thiab pab zom zaub mov. Rau qee cov neeg mob plab zom mov, tsis txaus gastric acid secretion lossis pancreatic insufficiency, qhov ncauj bromelain npaj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev zom zaub mov thiab kev nqus ntawm cov protein. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov mob plab. Piv txwv li, hauv cov kab mob xws li gastritis thiab enteritis, bromelain tuaj yeem txo qhov mob thiab txhim kho plab hnyuv. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem qee cov protein uas ua rau mob thiab tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv.
Tom qab kev phais, bromelain tuaj yeem txo qhov o ntawm qhov chaw phais. Piv txwv li, tom qab kev phais qhov muag, phais qhov ncauj lossis lwm yam kev phais, bromelain tuaj yeem txo cov nqaij mos los ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws kuj muaj qee yam cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tom qab adhesions. Hauv kev phais plab, phais plab thiab lwm yam kev phais mob uas cov ntaub so ntswg adhesions tuaj yeem tshwm sim, bromelain tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov khoom adhesion xws li fibrin, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm adhesions, thiab txo cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm adhesions.
● Papain: Papain tuaj yeem decompose fibrin ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob, txo qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory, thiab yog li txo cov inflammatory teb. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov mob hauv zos uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob, nws tuaj yeem pab txo qhov liab, o, thiab mob.
Papain muaj peev xwm decompose protein thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg necrotic los ntawm qhov txhab. Hauv kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab xws li kub hnyiab thiab bedsores, kev siv cov tshuaj khib nyiab uas muaj papain tuaj yeem decompose cov ntaub so ntswg necrotic rau hauv me me, ua kom yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov txhab thiab ua kom lub qhov txhab zoo. Rau cov kab mob rwj mob ntev, papain tuaj yeem decompose fibrin thiab cov ntaub so ntswg inactivated ntawm lub qhov txhab, txhim kho qhov mob ib puag ncig, thiab tsim kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tshiab. Papain tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm cov protein thiab siv los ua cov enzymes hauv plab hnyuv. Rau qee cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj cov kua dej tsis txaus, xws li pancreatic insufficiency, qhov ncauj papain npaj tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev zom cov protein thiab txo lub nra ntawm lub plab. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los txhim kho cov tsos mob ntawm plab zom mov. Qee zaum ntawm kev zom zaub mov xws li mob plab thiab belching tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj cov protein ntau hauv cov zaub mov, papain pab kom decompose protein nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab txhawb kev zom thiab nqus.
Cov dej num sib txawv thiab muaj feem cuam tshuamnruab nrab Bromelain& Papain
I. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov protein hydrolysis
Bromelain hmoovqhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov protein hydrolysis. Hauv kev sib piv, nws cov dej num deb tshaj li ntawm papain, ncav cuag ntau dua 10 zaug. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm bromelain yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov haujlwm siab. Nws yog ib tug complex enzyme system, uas yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam enzymes nrog txawv molecular luj thiab molecular qauv. Nws muaj tsawg kawg yog 5 proteolytic enzymes, uas txiav thiab decompose proteins los ntawm ntau qhov chaw thiab txoj kev, zoo heev txhim kho tag nrho cov hydrolysis muaj peev xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau nrog phosphatase, peroxidases, cellulases, lwm yam glycosidases thiab cov khoom tsis muaj protein. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau nws tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hydrolyze cov protein, tab sis kuj muaj cov nyhuv decomposition ntawm cov tshuaj xws li peptides, lipids thiab amides. Nws cov catalytic core pawg yog pawg thiol hauv cov saw peptide, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzyme thiab cov txheej txheem catalytic, ua rau bromelain's catalytic kev ua haujlwm muaj zog thiab zoo heev hauv "kev sib ntaus sib tua" ntawm protein hydrolysis.
2. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm bromelain
(I) Nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv nteg lub hauv paus rau kev ua si
Ntau yam enzyme Cheebtsam ntawm bromelain yog intertwined los tsim ib tug meej thiab npaum catalytic network. Ntau yam proteolytic enzymes koom tes thiab ntxiv rau ib leeg. Qee tus yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov pib cleavage ntawm txoj hlua ntev ntawm cov proteins, thaum lwm tus raug txiav kom meej rau cov amino acid ib ntus, yog li ua tiav cov dej sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov protein. Lwm yam enzymes thiab cov khoom tsis muaj protein tsis yog "txhawb lub luag haujlwm" ib yam nkaus. Lawv tuaj yeem koom nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov enzyme molecules, pretreatment ntawm substrates, los yog cov kev cai ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab ua ke tsim ib tug haib hydrolysis muaj nuj nqi system rau bromelain. Qhov xwm ntawm nws glycoprotein kuj muab nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb biochemical. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev paub thiab khi nrog substrates, cov suab thaj ib feem yuav txhim khu nws affinity nrog substrates los ntawm tej spatial conformations thiab nqi tis, ntxiv txhim kho cov hydrolysis efficiency.
(II) Kev cuam tshuam ntau yam ntawm ib puag ncig yam
ib. pH tus nqi: kev tswj kev ua haujlwm hauv acid-base tshuav nyiaj li cas
Tus nqi pH zoo li "ob-ntev ntaj" thiab muaj cov kev cai nruj heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm bromelain. Nws qhov zoo tshaj pH yog 7.1. Ntawm qhov muag muag acid-base tshuav taw tes, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov enzyme molecule yog optimized. Cov amino acid residues nyob rau hauv lub enzyme molecule tam sim no ib tug haum ionized lub xeev nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb pH ib puag ncig, uas tso cai rau lub substrate los khi smoothly mus rau lub active chaw thiab cov catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus ua hauj lwm zoo. Ib yam li nyob rau theem ua tib zoo hloov kho, cov neeg ua yeeb yam (substrate) thiab tus thawj coj (enzyme) koom tes seamlessly ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo "ua si". Hauv pH ntau ntawm 3.9-4.2, enzyme molecule nyob rau hauv lub xeev ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab pab pawg hauv cov enzyme molecule raug cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus los ntawm cov kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus, thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv cov qauv tsim, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm inactivation vim kev hloov pauv, thiab muab cov kev mob zoo rau kev khaws cia ntev. enzyme. Thaum tus nqi pH sib txawv ntawm qhov tsim nyog, txawm tias nws hloov mus rau hauv cov kua qaub lossis alkaline kev taw qhia, qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov muag yuav tawg. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm enzyme raug rhuav tshem, "kev nkag siab tsis meej" ntawm cov substrate thiab cov enzyme tawg, qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qhov txo qis, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic zoo li poob rau hauv quagmire, ua qeeb lossis txawm tias nyob twj ywm. , thiab thaum kawg ua rau txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm enzyme.
b. Kub: Qhov kev ua haujlwm sib npaug ntawm qhov txias thiab cua sov
Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawmBromelain hmoovyog tag nrho ntawm "dialectics". Nws qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws yog 55 degree. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub no "kub point", cov enzyme molecules zoo li txhaj nrog infinite vitality. Lub zog thermal txav ua rau cov enzyme molecules sib tsoo nrog substrate molecules ntawm txoj cai zaus thiab lub zog. Txhua qhov kev sib tsoo zoo li kev cia siab "kev sib ntsib", tsim kom muaj lub sijhawm zoo rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic, kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nce mus txog qhov kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias bromelain tsis yog ib qho yooj yim linear correlation. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig siab tshaj xoom degrees Celsius, txawm hais tias lub thermal zog ntawm enzyme molecules ua qeeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi txo raws li, nws zoo li muab ib txheej ntawm "cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv" rau ntawm cov enzyme molecules.
Tsis tshua muaj kub zoo inhibits thermal denaturation txheej txheem ntawm enzyme molecules, ua rau lawv tswj cov txheej txheem kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua ub no rau lub sij hawm ntev, uas yog conducive rau lub sij hawm ntev khaws cia ntawm enzymes. Thaum cov enzyme koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog tias lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tau teem rau 10 feeb, qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws yuav hloov pauv ntawm 55-60 degree . Qhov no yog vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nce, qhov "durance" ntawm cov enzyme molecules ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog kuaj, thiab cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm thermal denaturation thiab inactivation maj mam nce. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj pes tsawg tus active enzyme molecules lo rau lawv "posts" thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum txo qis qhov kub thiab nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov enzyme, ib yam li hauv lub tsheb siab ceev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov ceev thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub tsheb.
c. Hlau ions: nquag "hloov" ntawm siab thiab qis concentrations
Hlau ions ua si "ob lub luag haujlwm" ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm bromelain, thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam nyob ntawm qhov concentration. Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm Mg²⁺ thiab Ca²⁺ zoo li "cov teeb meem" uas cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm bromelain. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim cov hlau ions ntau dhau, zoo li "invaders", uas tsis yog tshwj xeeb khi rau lub chaw ua haujlwm lossis lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov enzyme molecule. Qhov kev sib txuam tsis zoo no cuam tshuam qhov kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev coj ua "kev sib cuam tshuam" ntawm cov substrate thiab cov enzyme, cuam tshuam qhov kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub concentration ntawm cov hlau ions nyob rau theem qis, lawv dheev dhau los ua "tus pab". Piv txwv li, thaum Ca²⁺ ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme rau 1 teev, 5-10mmol / L ntawm Ca²⁺ tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzyme, thiab cov nyhuv txhawb nqa yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum Ca²⁺ concentration yog 2 mmol / L. . Nyob rau hauv no haum concentration ntau, hlau ions tej zaum yuav zoo li ib tug "craftsman", koom nyob rau hauv lub conformational stabilization ntawm lub active centre ntawm lub enzyme molecule, los yog ua si lub luag hauj lwm pab nyob rau hauv lub substrate binding txheej txheem, ib yam li ntxiv dag zog rau lub "binding choj" ntawm Lub enzyme molecule thiab cov substrate, yog li txhim kho cov catalytic kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov enzyme thiab tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus ntxiv smoothly.
d. EDTA: Kev ua "kev kub ntxhov" tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlau ion chelation
EDTA yog undoubtedly "destroyer" rau cov haujlwm ntawmBromelain hmoov. Vim nws muaj zog hlau ion chelating muaj peev xwm, nws tuaj yeem ntes cov hlau ions tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv bromelain. Cov hlau ions zoo li "core engine Cheebtsam" nyob rau hauv lub catalytic mechanism ntawm enzyme. Lawv koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem stabilization ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm lossis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom lub substrate. Thaum chelated los ntawm EDTA, cov enzyme molecule zoo li lub tshuab uas tau poob nws cov "qhov tseem ceeb" thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm li qub. Nws txoj kev ua catalytic yuav inevitably txo qis, thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic yuav poob mus rau hauv lub xeev "tus tuag tes tuag taw".
e. Tus neeg sawv cev txo qis: ib qho kev ua "regulator" nyob rau hauv concentration gradient
Txo cov neeg ua haujlwm xws li cysteine hydrochloride muaj qhov tshwj xeeb "kev tswj hwm cov txiaj ntsig" ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme ntawm bromelain, thiab cov nyhuv no zoo sib xws rau cov concentration. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam concentration ntau, nws yog zoo li ib tug "koom haum stimulator" uas yuav txhawb lub enzyme cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi. Qhov no yog vim nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov txo qis ntawm cov pab pawg tseem ceeb xws li sulfhydryl pawg hauv cov enzyme molecules, kom ntseeg tau tias cov pab pawg no nyob rau hauv lub xeev "active npaj", ib yam li txhaj cov dej khov kho ntawm lub zog mus rau "lub zog" ntawm lub enzyme molecule, yog li xyuas kom meej tias cov enzyme kev ua nyob rau hauv siab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov concentration tsawg dhau, nws cov txiaj ntsig nce qib zoo li "tus neeg pab tsis muaj peev xwm", tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tiv thaiv thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov pab pawg nquag; Thaum cov concentration siab dhau lawm, nws yuav dhau los ua "kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau", ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg nyob ib puag ncig cov enzyme molecules kom dhau-txo. Qhov chaw txawv txav no yuav cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ib txwm muaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzyme molecules, ua rau cov enzyme molecules zoo li cov neeg taug kev poob hauv "cov tshuaj pos huab", tsis tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm catalytic li qub, thiab tom qab ntawd qhia cov nyhuv inhibitory.
f. Environmental humidity: qhov "kuaj" ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv alternating qhuav thiab ntub dej
Environmental humidity poses qhov tshwj xeeb "kuaj" rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm bromelain. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qhuav, cov enzyme molecules zoo li "qhov chaw ntsiag to", nrog cov qauv ruaj khov thiab kev ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm rau lub sijhawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li ib puag ncig cov av noo nce ntxiv, cov dej ntws ntawm cov dej molecules zoo li "cua daj cua dub", ua rau lub siab qub. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej molecules nce qhov yooj ntawm cov qauv enzyme, ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov hauv cov enzyme molecules tsis yooj yim thiab hloov tau, zoo li tus choj swaying hauv cua thiab los nag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov av noo ib puag ncig kuj tseem yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem autohydrolysis ntawm protease, uas zoo li "sib cav sib ceg" hauv cov enzyme molecule, ua rau cov enzyme molecule maj mam degrade thiab inactivate, yog li ua kom lub inactivation tus nqi ntawm enzyme, thiab. ua rau cov enzyme kev ua si maj mam poob nyob rau hauv "kev yaig" ntawm cov av noo.
g. Lub teeb: Kev ua "attenuation" nyob rau hauv lub teeb hluav taws xob
Lub teeb yog "kev hem thawj" uas tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm bromelain. Cov kev sim khaws cia ua rau ntawm 25 degree thiab 25% cov av noo pom tau tias qhov chaw tsaus yog zoo li "kev nyab xeeb" uas tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau bromelain. Bromelain tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab tsis tsaus ntuj rau 10 hnub, thiab qhov khaws cia ntawm enzyme kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov tsaus ntuj yog 9.8% siab dua qhov uas tsis yog tsaus ntuj. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov sulfhydryl, amino, tryptophan residues thiab tsuas yog histidine residue nyob rau hauv bromelain yog lub "tseem ceeb fortresses" los tuav nws cov dej num, thaum lub ultraviolet rays thiab lwm yam lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub hnub yog zoo li "siege riam phom" nrog lub zog siab, uas. tuaj yeem tso tawm qhov "tawm tsam" ntawm cov pab pawg no thiab rhuav tshem lawv cov qauv tshuaj, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm enzyme zoo li lub tsev fuabtais tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm phab ntsa, maj mam. poob nws lub peev xwm tiv thaiv thiab txo qis. Thaum Co60- tau siv rau irradiation, raws li cov koob tshuaj irradiation maj mam nce los ntawm 4kGy mus rau 8kGy thiab 12kGy, qhov poob ntawm bromelain kev ua ub no mus txog 10.6%, 11.0% thiab 15.5% feem, uas ntxiv ua pov thawj tias hluav taws xob muaj qhov hnyav. Kev puas tsuaj rau nws txoj haujlwm, zoo li "kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob" cuam tshuam cov enzyme molecule.
h. Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic: "Tus Saib Xyuas Angel" thiab "Demon killer" ntawm kev ua ub no
Ntau yam tshuaj muaj qhov sib txawv kiag li ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm bromelain, zoo li kev tawm tsam ntawm "tus tim tswv" thiab "dab". Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom qab zib xws li 50% qabzib, 40% galactose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose thiab melezitose, nrog rau glycerol, ethylene glycol thiab mannitol zoo li "cov tim tswv saib xyuas" ntawm bromelain. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsis pom "tiv thaiv zaj duab xis" nyob ib ncig ntawm lub enzyme molecule, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lwm yam xws li kub hloov pauv thiab tshuaj lom neeg cuam tshuam ntawm cov enzyme molecule. Cov khoom qab zib tuaj yeem txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov enzyme molecules los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog lawv, lossis hloov cov kuab tshuaj ib puag ncig ntawm cov enzyme molecules kom lawv tsim nyog rau lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzymes; polyol tshuaj xws li glycerol tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov enzyme molecules los ntawm kev tsim cov hydrogen bonds thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam nrog enzyme molecules, yog li txuas ntxiv ib nrab-lub neej ntawm enzymes. Piv txwv li, 50% qabzib tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv ib nrab-lub neej ntawmBromelain hmoovlos ntawm 10 zaug, 40% galactose tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv qee yam, txuas lub neej ib nrab ntawm 3 zaug, thiab 50% glycerol tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv ib nrab-lub neej ntawm bromelain los ntawm 8 zaug. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li methanol, ethanol thiab ethylene glycol zoo li "dab neeg tua" thiab muaj zog inhibitory cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm bromelain. Raws li qhov concentration ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic no nce, qhov kev ua ntawm bromelain qhia tau hais tias kev poob qis. Thaum lawv cov concentrations ncav cuag 25.5%, 20.5% thiab 24.0% feem, cov enzyme kev ua si yuav poob ib nrab; Thaum cov concentration nce mus txog 50%, cov haujlwm enzyme ploj tag nrho. Qhov no yog vim tias cov kuab tshuaj organic tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov tshuaj ib puag ncig ntawm cov enzyme molecules thiab rhuav tshem cov kev ncaj ncees ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm, ib yam li kev quab yuam rub cov enzyme molecules los ntawm lawv cov "tsev" haum rau hauv kev tawm tsam "kev sib ntaus sib tua tshuaj", ua rau lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm thiab thaum kawg "tuag".
3. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm: qhov tseem ceeb "kev sib ntaus sib tua" rau kev tiv thaiv nquag
Thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm, kev sib cais thiab ziab ntawm bromelain, pawg sulfhydryl ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzyme ntsib qhov "kev nyuaj siab" thiab yog qhov tsis zoo rau oxidation. Txij li thaum pawg sulfhydryl yog "core lifeline" ntawm nws cov catalytic kev ua haujlwm, ib zaug oxidized, cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzyme yuav txo qis sai li lub cav uas poob lub zog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no, ntxiv cov tshuaj antioxidants tsim nyog dhau los ua "kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb" los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm enzyme. Piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ntawm sodium thiosulfate thiab cysteine zoo li "cov neeg tseem ceeb saib xyuas" uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv oxidative inactivation ntawm enzyme. Sodium thiosulfate tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog oxidants kom "neutralize" lawv, yog li txo qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm oxidants ntawm sulfhydryl pawg; cysteine tuaj yeem tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ruaj khov nrog cov sulfhydryl pawg hauv cov enzyme molecules los tiv thaiv cov pab pawg sulfhydryl los ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim oxidized, ib yam li muab cov khoom "tiv thaiv armor" rau pawg sulfhydryl, kom ntseeg tau tias cov enzyme tuaj yeem khaws nws cov haujlwm. mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws thaum lub sij hawm extraction txheej txheem, thiab muab high-zoo enzyme npaj rau kev siv tom ntej.
Cov kev sib txawv no zoo li cov kwj deg ntawm ob lub ncov, sib sib zog nqus thiab tseem ceeb, thiab muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau lawv daim ntawv thov hauv ntau yam xws li kev ua zaub mov, tshuaj thiab kev kho mob. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ua zaub mov, cov txheej txheem ua tau hloov pauv tsis tu ncua, suav nrog cov pH sib txawv, qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab lwm yam. Tom qab nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub proteases, nws muaj peev xwm xaiv qhov tsim nyog protease raws li kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Yog tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom sai sai hydrolyze protein nyob rau hauv cov pH thiab kub tej yam kev mob, bromelain tej zaum yuav yog thawj qhov kev xaiv vim nws cov hauj lwm siab nyob rau hauv cov mob no; Yog tias qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab nkag siab rau qee yam hlau ions lossis lwm yam, papain tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua vim nws cov yam ntxwv ruaj khov. Qhov no yuav ua rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, ib yam li nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, ua rau kev lag luam ua zaub mov mus rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo dua.
Hauv kev xaus, qhov sib txawv ntawm papain thiabBromelain hmoovmuaj ntau lub ntsej muag thiab nyob deb. Los ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm hauv cov nroj tsuag sib txawv rau lawv cov qauv molecular thiab ntau yam cuam tshuam rau lawv cov dej num, cov enzymes no muaj ntau yam palette ntawm kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev txwv. Txawm hais tias koj yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb txog zaub mov tab tom nrhiav kev txhim kho daim ntawv qhia, tus kws tshawb fawb kho mob nrhiav cov tshuaj kho tshiab, lossis tsuas yog lub siab xav paub txog kev xav ntawm biochemistry, kev paub txog qhov sib txawv no muab koj lub zog los txiav txim siab. Raws li peb txuas ntxiv mus qhib cov lus zais ntawm papain thiab bromelain, peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav siv ntau lub tswv yim thiab kev tshawb pom uas yuav ua rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm ntau kev lag luam thiab txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntuj tsim enzymatic marvels.
JOYWINnrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 2013 yog lub tuam txhab innovation-driven biotechnology. JOYWIN Bromelain Hoobkas nyob hauv Thaib teb ua rau siv cov khoom siv hauv zos los muab cov neeg siv khoom nrog ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom bromelain. Los ntawm 200GDU / g rau 2400GDU / g. Tuav cov kev cob qhia bromelain, cog kev cob qhia protease, thiab warehouses kuj muaj cov chaw txiav-ntug thiab kev tswj xyuas nruj. Raws li ib qho ntawm plaub lub ntiaj teb bromelain manufacturers, peb yog FSSC22000, ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO22000, BRC, thiab Cgmp-certified Hoobkas. Yog koj xav paub ntxiv txogBromelain Powder, Papain hmoovlos yog xav yuav nws, koj tuaj yeem email ntawm contact@joywinworld.com. Peb yuav teb koj sai li sai tau tom qab peb pom cov lus.